| TLR1–9 seem to be closely homologous between mice and humans. The human genome has TLR10 but not TLR11, 12 and 13, whereas the mouse genome has TLR11, 12 and 13 but not TLR10. TLR2 functions in complementary pairs with TLR1 or TLR6. The response to diacylated bacterial lipoproteins from Mycoplasma requires TLR2 and TLR6, whereas the response to triacylated bacterial lipoproteins requires TLR2 and TLR1. In addition to recognizing certain RNA species, TLR7 and TLR8 also recognize synthetic imidazoquinolines, compounds that have some utility in topical treatment of viral infections. dsRNA: double-stranded RNA, a replication intermediate of RNA viruses; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1 protein, a chromatin-binding protein released by necrosis; HSP: heat shock proteins, molecular chaperones; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; ssRNA: single-stranded RNA. |
